Subseries A. Medical and Scientific Records have been divided into four sub-subseries. Sub-subseries 1. Medical Records includes his medical correspondence, remedies, prescriptions, case studies, medical essays, bills, receipts, day books, and ledgers. The bulk of the medial correspondence, 1749 to 1829, contains letters to and from his associates, many of whom were former students of Edward Augustus', describing medical cases and the treatments of patients. Petitions for medical treatment from local people, descriptions of autopsies, and letters to Edward Augustus regarding the medical training of prospective students are also included here. Any letters from Dr. Nathaniel W. Appleton, a former student, have been filed with the Nathaniel W. Appleton Correspondence (box 16, folders 2-3, and box 17, folder 1). The remedies and prescriptions include a scrapbook, compiled by Edward Augustus, and a folder containing clippings and his notes of various medical recipes and prescriptions, Edward Augustus' case studies and medical essays contain detailed descriptions and observations of various diseases and ailments and the treatment he used or recommended. The bulk of the medical bills and receipts, filed by year only, contain the records of Edward Augustus' fees for his patients. Edward Augustus' day books and ledgers contain his record of daily visits to his patients from 1749 until his death in 1829. The day books are arranged by year. The ledgers, Volumes 5 to 14, have a continuous pagination, and the index (Volume 15) contains a complete alphabetical listing of Edward Augustus' patient accounts. Volume 16 is an incomplete index of the ledgers. While the indexes are an alphabetical guide to the ledgers, the posting memorandum books (box 15, folder 1) contain yearly listing of accounts and their locations in the ledgers.

Sub-subseries 2. Professional Activities contains his correspondence with his former pupil Nathaniel Walker Appleton. Although the bulk of the correspondence related to the Massachusetts Medical Society, there are numerous letters which discuss medical cases, inform Edward Augustus on the progress of shipments of medical supplies, and relate the activities of other Massachusetts doctors. Any letters written by Appleton as an official spokesman of the Massachusetts Medical Society are located with those papers. The Massachusetts Medical Society's papers include minutes of meetings, the Society's charter, announcements of meetings, and miscellaneous correspondence. There is also a menu from the Essex South District Medical Society's centennial meeting which honored Edward Augustus. Additional societal papers include correspondence and a list of members of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, correspondence and a list of questions for the Boylston Prize awarded by Harvard College, and honorary memberships to various medical organizations.

Sub-subseries 3. Scientific Records contains Edward Augustus' correspondence with colleagues regarding observations of meteorological patterns, astronomical occurrence, and Edward Augustus' study of arcs. Several letters from Thomas Lane of London, filed with the shipment papers, include reports of European weather conditions, as well as the shipment of medical and scientific supplies. Also included in this sub-subseries is a 1759 letter written to Andrew Oliver about seeing unidentified marine life; a negative of the letter is also included.

Sub-subseries 4. Statistical Data contains data gathered and maintained by Edward Augustus, documents disease in Salem from 1783 to 1806, the mortality rate from 1767 to 1822, and the births, marriages, and deaths from 1782 to 1788. The meteorological and astronomical statistics record his observations of weather, earthquakes, planetary movements, and other celestial phenomenon. The almanac/diaries, 1747 to 1829, primarily concern Edward Augustus' records of weather patterns and disease.